10 Applications of high quality tempered glass

According to the degree of toughness ⒈Tempered glass: tempering degree=2~4N/cm, surface stress of tempered glass of glass curtain wall α≥95Mpa; ⒉Semi-tempered glass: Tempering degree=2N/cm, surface stress of semi-tempered glass of glass curtain wall 24Mpa≤α≤69Mpa; ⒊Super tough tempered glass: tempering degree>4N/cm.high quality tempered glass must meet this rules

Applications

Flat high quality tempered glass and curved high quality tempered glass belong to safety glass. It is widely used in doors and windows of high-rise buildings, glass facades, interior partitions, lighting ceilings, elevator ducts, furniture, glass guardrails, etc. Generally clear or colored tempered glass can be used in the following industries: ⒈Construction, building template, decoration industry (for example: doors and windows, curtain walls, interior decoration, etc.)

⒉Furniture manufacturing industry (glass coffee table, furniture accessories, etc.)

⒊Manufacture of household appliances (TV, oven, air conditioner, refrigerator, etc.)

 ⒋Electronics, instrument industry (mobile phones, MP3, MP4, clocks and other digital products)

⒌Automobile manufacturing industry (automobile window glass, etc.) 

⒍Daily products industry (glass cutting board, etc.)

⒎Special industry (military glass) After the toughened glass is broken, the fragments will be broken into uniform small particles and there is no common glass knife-shaped sharp corner, so it is called safety glass and is widely used in automobiles, interior decoration, and windows that open to the outside on high floors. quality Tempered glass is obtained by cutting ordinary annealed glass to the required size, then heating it to a near softening point, and then performing rapid and uniform cooling. After tempering, uniform compressive stress is formed on the surface of the glass, and tensile stress is formed inside, which greatly improves the performance of the glass. The tensile strength is more than 3 times that of the latter, and the impact resistance is more than 5 times that of the latter. It is also because of this characteristic that the stress characteristic has become an important sign to distinguish true and false tempered glass, that is, tempered glass can see colored stripes on the edge of the glass through the polarizer, and black and white can be seen on the surface of the glass. Alternate spots. The polarizer can be found in the camera lens or glasses. Pay attention to the adjustment of the light source during observation, so that it is easier to observe.

Every piece of tempered glass has a 3C certification mark.

According to the degree of toughness ⒈Tempered glass: tempering degree=2~4N/cm, surface stress of tempered glass of glass curtain wall α≥95Mpa; ⒉Semi-tempered glass: Tempering degree=2N/cm, surface stress of semi-tempered glass of glass curtain wall 24Mpa≤α≤69Mpa; ⒊Super tough tempered glass: tempering degree>4N/cm. 
Applications 
Flat tempered and curved tempered glass belong to safety glass. It is widely used in doors and windows of high-rise buildings, glass facades, interior partitions, lighting ceilings, elevator ducts, furniture, glass guardrails, etc. Generally tempered glass can be used in the following industries: ⒈Construction, building template, decoration industry (for example: doors and windows, curtain walls, interior decoration, etc.) 
⒉Furniture manufacturing industry (glass coffee table, furniture accessories, etc.) 
⒊Manufacture of household appliances (TV, oven, air conditioner, refrigerator, etc.)
 ⒋Electronics, instrument industry (mobile phones, MP3, MP4, clocks and other digital products) 
⒌Automobile manufacturing industry (automobile window glass, etc.) ⒍Daily products industry (glass cutting board, etc.) 
⒎Special industry (military glass) After the toughened glass is broken, the fragments will be broken into uniform small particles and there is no common glass knife-shaped sharp corner, so it is called safety glass and is widely used in automobiles, interior decoration, and windows that open to the outside on high floors. quality Tempered glass is obtained by cutting ordinary annealed glass to the required size, then heating it to a near softening point, and then performing rapid and uniform cooling. After tempering, uniform compressive stress is formed on the surface of the glass, and tensile stress is formed inside, which greatly improves the performance of the glass. The tensile strength is more than 3 times that of the latter, and the impact resistance is more than 5 times that of the latter. It is also because of this characteristic that the stress characteristic has become an important sign to distinguish true and false tempered glass, that is, tempered glass can see colored stripes on the edge of the glass through the polarizer, and black and white can be seen on the surface of the glass. Alternate spots. The polarizer can be found in the camera lens or glasses. Pay attention to the adjustment of the light source during observation, so that it is easier to observe. 
Every piece of high quality tempered glass has a 3C certification mark.

Self-explosion defect The automatic explosion of tempered glass without direct mechanical external force is called the spontaneous explosion of tempered glass. According to industry experience, the spontaneous explosion rate of ordinary tempered glass is about 1~3‰. Self-explosion is one of the inherent properties of tempered glass. There are many reasons for the expansion of self-detonation, which can be briefly summarized as follows: ①The influence of glass defects A. There are stones, impurities, and bubbles in the glass: The impurities in the glass are the weak point of tempered glass and the place where stress is concentrated. Especially if the stone is in the tensile stress zone of the tempered glass, it is an important factor that causes the explosion. Stones exist in the glass and have a different expansion coefficient from the glass body. After glass tempering, the stress concentration in the crack area around the stone increases exponentially. When the coefficient of expansion of the stone is smaller than that of glass, the tangential stress around the stone is in tension. The crack propagation that accompanies the stone is easy to occur. B. The glass contains nickel sulfide crystals Nickel sulfide inclusions generally exist as small crystalline spheres with a diameter of 0.1-2 mm. The appearance is metallic. These miscellaneous inclusions are Ni3S2, Ni7S6 and Ni-XS, where X=0-0.07. Only the Ni1-XS phase is the main cause of spontaneous explosion of tempered glass. The theoretical NIS is known to be 379. At C, there is a phase transition process, from the high-temperature α-NiS hexagonal crystal system to the low-temperature β-NiS trigonal crystal system, accompanied by 2.38% volume expansion. This structure is preserved at room temperature. If the glass is heated in the future, the α-β state transition may occur quickly. If these impurities are inside the tempered glass under tensile stress, the volume expansion will cause spontaneous explosion. If a-NIS exists at room temperature, it will slowly change to the β state after several years and months. The slow increase in volume during this phase change does not necessarily cause internal rupture. C. The glass surface has defects such as scratches, blasting, deep blasting due to improper processing or operation, which may cause stress concentration or cause the tempered glass to explode. ②Uneven and offset stress distribution in tempered glass When the glass is heated or cooled, the temperature gradient along the thickness of the glass is uneven and asymmetric. Toughened products have a tendency to explode, and some produce "wind explosion" when they are chilled. If the tensile stress zone shifts to a certain side of the product or shifts to the surface, the tempered glass will explode. ③The influence of the degree of toughening, experiments have shown that when the degree of toughening increases to level 1/cm, the number of spontaneous explosions reaches 20%~25%. It can be seen that the greater the stress, the higher the degree of toughening, and the greater the amount of self-detonation.

Development History

The development of hardened glass can be traced back to the middle of the 17th century.A king of the Rhine named Robert once did an interesting experiment. He put a drop of molten glass in ice-cold water and made a kind of Very hard glass. This kind of high-strength granular glass is like a drop of water, with a long and curved tail, called "Prince Robert Pellet". But when the tail of the small grain was bent and broken, it is strange that the whole small grain collapsed suddenly and even became a fine powder. The above method is very similar to the quenching of metal, and this is the quenching of glass. This kind of quenching does not cause any changes in the composition of the glass, so it is also called physical tempered, so tempered glass is called tempered glass. The first patent for glass tempering was obtained by the French in 1874. The tempering method is to heat the glass to close to the softening temperature and immediately put it into a relatively low temperature liquid tank to increase the surface stress. This method is an early method of tempering liquids. Frederick Siemens of Germany obtained a patent in 1875, and Geovge E. Rogens of Massachusetts, USA, applied the reinforcement method to glass wine glasses and lampposts in 1876.In the same year, Hugh O’heill of New Jersey obtained a patent. In the 1930s, Saint-Gobain in France, Triplux in the United States, and Pilkington in the United Kingdom began to produce large-area Flat tempered glass for windshield. Japan also successively carried out the industrial production of toughened glass in the 1930s. From then on, the world began the era of mass production of tempered glass. After 1970, Triplex in the United Kingdom succeeded in tempering glass with a thickness of 0.75 to 1.5 mm with a liquid medium, ending the history of physical tempering that could not temper thin glass. This is a major breakthrough in tempered glass technology. The history of China's tempered glass began in 1955, when Shanghai Yaohua Glass Factory began trial production, and Qinhuangdao tempered glass factory succeeded in trial production in 1958. In 1965, Qinhuangdao Yaohua Glass Factory began to produce tempered glass for military use.In the 1970s, the Luoyang Glass Factory first introduced Belgian temperature control devices. At the same time, Shenyang Glass Factory's chemical tempered glass was put into production. Since the 1970s, tempered glass technology has been comprehensively promoted and popularized worldwide. high quality tempered glass and color tempered glass has begun to be used in the fields of automobiles, construction, aviation, electronics, etc., especially in construction and automobiles.